The Special Census is a program for local and tribal governments to conduct censuses for their communities in the years between decennial censuses.  When local officials believe there has been a significant population change in their community due to growth or annexation, they may choose to conduct a Special Census. The Census Bureau conducts Special Censuses on a cost-reimbursable basis. This means that the governmental unit requesting a Special Census assumes full responsibility for the cost of the Special Census. The updated information provided by a Special Census is designated as Official Census Statistics and may be used in any manner provided for by applicable law. The Official Census statistics produced by conducting a Special Census may produce an increase in state revenue sharing or other benefits. This could also offset the cost of actually conducting the Special Census, but much depends on the individual state's laws or regulations.  For more information visit http://www.census.gov/regions/specialcensus/ or contact our Data Services Staff.